Glenis Lloyd (Environmental Health Branch, NSW Health, Gladesville); Tony Kolbe & Terry Carvan (Centre for Public Health, Albury); Dr Jeanine Liddle & Peter Tissen (Mid Western NSW Public Health Unit, Bathurst); Bill Balding (Far West Population Health Unit, Broken Hill); Dr Peter Lewis, Robert Reimer & John Murray (Central Coast Public Health Unit, Gosford); Christine Robertson, Greg Bell, Mike Cassidy, K. Taylor, Charles Rablin & Peter Blackmore (New England Public Health Unit, Tamworth); Dr John Beard, Mark Bartlett & John Simpson (Northern Rivers Institute of Health and Research, Lismore); Tony Brown & Stewart Innes (Macquarie Centre for Population Health, Dubbo); Dr Krishna Hort (Wentworth Population Health Unit, Kingswood); James Allwood & Mark Verbarken (Albury City Council); Graham Plumb, K. Walkington, Tim Fitzroy, Bill & Jenny Breen, Mary & Don Apps (Ballina Shire Council, Ballina); Graham Liehr (Blue Mountains City Council); Laurie Collins (Bourke Shire Council); Linda George (Bourke); Jeff Evans (NSW Dept. Agriculture, Broken Hill); Rhonda Smith & Terry O'Conner (Deniliquin Municipal Council, Deniliquin); Paul Bennett, Matthew Teale (Forbes Shire Council, Forbes); Martin Hebold & David Sanders (Griffith Shire Council, Griffith);  Matthew White (Lachlan Shire Council); John Reberger (Lake Cargelligo); Brian McKellar, Tony Tiffen, Trevor Turner, Gary Stolle & Ben Lang (Leeton Shire Council, Leeton); the McLellan family (especially Linda) (Macquarie Marshes); Mike Randall, Haley Lloyd, & Carrie (Parramatta Council); Belinda Comer, Kelly Demattia (Penrith City Council); Rick Harris, Gary Byrne, Graeme Pritchard & Leigh Ernst (Port Stephens Shire Council, Raymond Terrace); Rex Hamilton & Gith Striid (Ryde Council); Clive Easton (Tweed Shire Council, Murwillumbah); Kelly & Bob Bilek, Richard Cooper (Wanaaring); Matthew & Wendy Revell (Wee Waa). Our apologies to anyone inadvertently omitted.

Human case numbers and epidemiological information were obtained through the NSW Health Department and the NSW Notifiable Diseases database, with thanks to Dr Glenn Close, Western Sydney Population Unit for providing the data. The input of Dr Ross Mathews, Director of Animal Care, Westmead Hospital in the implementation of the chicken surveillance program is greatly appreciated. Dr Cameron Webb, Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead Hospital, is acknowledged for undertaking the Werrington study and providing information for this report. Elwyn Wishart, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, kindly provided meteorological data according to Forbes’ hypothesis. We are grateful to the Arbovirus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, particularly Dr Annette Broom, for the supply of monoclonal antibodies.

REFERENCES

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Bureau of Meteorology, Australia. Monthly Rainfall Review Australia, (issues dating from January 1998 to May 2002).  

Debenham M.L. and Hicks M.M. 1989. The Culicidae of the Australian Region. Vol. 12, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.  

Dobrotworsky N.V. 1965. The Mosquitoes of Victoria. Melbourne University Press, Carlton.  

Doggett S., Clancy J., Haniotis J., Patsouris K., Russell R.C., Hueston L., Marchetti M. and Dwyer D. 1999a. The New South Wales Arbovirus Surveillance & Mosquito Monitoring Program. 1998 – 1999 Annual Report. Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead. 21pp.  

Doggett S., Clancy J., Haniotis J., Patsouris K., Russell R.C., Hueston L., Marchetti M. and Dwyer D. 2000. The New South Wales Arbovirus Surveillance & Mosquito Monitoring Program. 1999 – 2000 Annual Report. Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead. 16pp.  

Doggett S., Clancy J., Haniotis J., Russell R.C., Hueston L., Marchetti M. and Dwyer D. 2001. The New South Wales Arbovirus Surveillance & Mosquito Monitoring Program. 2000 – 2001 Annual Report. Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead. 27pp.  

Doggett, S.L. and Russell, R.C. 1997. Aedes notoscriptus can transmit inland and coastal isolates of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus from NSW! Arbo. Res. Aust., 7: 79-81.  

Doggett S., Russell R. and Dwyer D. 1999. NSW Arbovirus Surveillance Web Site. NSW Public Health Bull. 10 (1-2):7.  

Doggett S.L., Russell R.C., Clancy J., Haniotis J. and Cloonan M.J. 1999b. Barmah Forest virus epidemic on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, 1994-1995: Viruses, Vectors, Human Cases, and Environmental Factors. J. Med. Entomol., 36: 861-868.  

Forbes J.A. 1978. Murray Valley encephalitis 1974 - also the epidemic variance since 1914 and predisposing rainfall patterns. Australasian Medical Publishing Co., Glebe. 20pp.  

Lee D.J., Hicks M.M., Griffiths M., Russell R.C., Geary M. and Marks E.N. 1980 - 1989. The Culicidae of the Australian Region. Vols. 1 - 11. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.  

Marshall I.D. 1988. Murray Valley and Kunjin Encephalitis. in Monath, T. (ed).The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Volume III. CRC Press, Florida, pg: 151-190.  

Nicholls N. 1986. A method for predicting Murray Valley encephalitis in southeast Australia using the Southern Oscillation. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 64:587-94.  

Russell R.C. 1993. Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease in southeastern Australia. Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead, NSW, 310pp.  

Russell R.C. 1996. A Colour Photo Atlas of Mosquitoes of Southeastern Australia. Department of Medical Entomology, Westmead, NSW, 193pp.

 

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